Technical Program

Paper Detail

Paper:ITT-P3.2
Session:Cryptography and Watermarking; Manufacturing Applications
Time:Friday, May 21, 13:00 - 15:00
Presentation: Poster
Topic: Industry Technology Track: DSP-Based Cryptography, Stenography, and Watermarking
Title: WATERMARKING SINUSOIDAL AUDIO REPRESENTATIONS BY QUANTIZATION INDEX MODULATION IN MULTIPLE FREQUENCIES
Authors: Yi-Wen Liu; Stanford University 
 Julius Smith; Stanford University 
Abstract: The focus of this paper is to hide information in sinusoidal audio representations. Watermarks are embedded by introducing quantization index modulation (QIM) in frequencies of sinusoids. The frequency shifts due to QIM are controlled to be less than one-thirtieth Bark, which requires high accuracy in frequency estimation for watermark decoding. Therefore, this paper presents a hybrid multiple frequency estimator which consists of spectral interpolation followed by iterative square error minimization. The frequency estimator is tested in watermarking both computer generated sounds and actual recordings. The watermarks are intended to survive MP3 compression. Selected experiments are documented and discussed.
 
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